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Music
The most important part of the Belarusian spiritual culture - the traditional folk and professional music art.
Located in the heart of Europe, at the crossing of diverse ethnic and cultural movements, the Belarusian region as an ethnic territory with the greatest preservation of root layers of Slavonic musical culture, and was always interesting for both the East and the West.
The personality of musician has a great importance in the musical stage: Belarusian classical estrade is associated with the names of B. Vuyachich, V. Mulyavin, J. Poplavskaya and A. Tsikhanovich.
The songs of lyric and anthem quality are entrenching, gaining even the meaning of symbology. These are the "Homeland, my dear" by V. Olovnikov and "Song about the Neman" by N. Sokolovsky on poems by A. Bachilo, "Belarus - My Song" by Yuri Semenyako on poems by M. Brown. Patriotic lyrics was widely practised, connected with the subject of the Homeland, pioneers, the Komsomol, the peaceful labor, military glory. Social optimism and heartfelt lyricism features numerous songs by I. Luchenok, including "The cranes are flying to Polesie" on poems by A. Staver and "Belarusian Polka" on the verses by Dranko-Maisyuk.
Since the mid 2000's children's pop music is becoming more active. The children's contests of pop songs are carried on, including at the International Art Festival "Slavic Bazar in Vitebsk (Slavyansky Bazar)". Belarusian children's estrade in 2005-2008 is coming to an international level. Young performers (by terms of the competition it is meant that they are also songwriters) - Kseniya Sitnik, Andrei Kunets, Lesha Zhigalkovich brilliantly show their worth in the TV children's contests "Eurovision".
In 1987 M. Finberg organized a large team conducted by himself (People's Artist of Belarus, laureate of State Prize of Belarus), today - the National Orchestra of Symphonic and Popular Music of Belarus (Belarusian National Concert Orchestra). He becomes a propagandist of not only academic (ancient and modern) music, but also of pop and jazz music of the highest professional level. With the orchestra activity are connected the names of many leading Belarusian artists, including vocalists - Yakov Naumenko, N. Skorikova, N. Tamelo, L. Gribaleva. The Belarusian modern professional music estrade has voices of great range. Among pop music performers, owning also the skill of a virtuosic jazz vocal, are I. Dorofeeva, P. Elfimov, R. Musvidas.
One of the best Belarusian tenors A. Yarmolenko, artistic director of the studio “Syabry”, retains its positions. "Family" duet Y.Poplavskaya-A.Tikhanovich is still popular: songs "Malinovka" and "Zavirukha" from their repertoire can be attributed to the best "hits" of domestic estrade. To the traditional lyric and patriotic songs, to works of romanticized trend, in the 1990's - early 2000's added the songs, combining lyricism and gentle humour, such as "Belarusian Polka" by I. Luchenok (Dranko-Maisyuk poetry), "You are making a noise, oak-groves(Vy shumitse, dybravy)” by E. Hanok (poems).
In approving the status of the Republic of Belarus and identity of its musical culture, as in the USSR and abroad, played a large role the activity of the State Ensemble “Pesnyary” (since 1969) by V. Mulyavin. Besides author s, composer’s songs, including by V. A. Mulyavin himself (“Aleksandryna", "Cry of a bird (Krik prycy)", etc.) team has established itself also by means of talented folk and rock compositions, beginning with "Kasiu Yas kanyushynu”. This tradition continued in many ways such modern groups as the "Palac", “Krama”, and especially ethno-trio "Troitsa" (I. Kirchuk).
Since 1933 there is the largest music theater in Belarus, which today bears the name the National Academic Bolshoi Opera and Ballet Theater of Belarus. At the opera stage of the republic was incarnated the most significant European classical repertoire, works of soviet, including the Russian composers (Prokofiev, Shostakovich and others). The first Belarusian operas, performed at the domestic scene since 1930 - works mainly of heroic or historical and romantic nature - "Mihas Podgorny" by E. Tikotsky, "In the forests of Polesie” (V pyschax Polesia) by A. Bogatyrev," The Flower of Happiness" (Cvetok schastsia) by A. Turenkov, in the postwar period there were performances on topics connected with the heroic struggle against the fascist aggressors - "Girl from Polesie" ( "Alesya") by E. Tikotsky, "Andrey Kostenya" by N. Aladov, the topic has not disappeared subsequently ("Path of Life" by G. Wagner). In 1960 appeared the first national comic opera (“Prickly Rose” by Y. Semenyako). A notable phenomenon of domestic scene became stagings of two large-scale operas of 1970: of epic and tragic, of sharply vanguard nature opera by S. Cortes "Giordano Bruno" and of emotionally expressive lyric and dramatic - "Hoary legend (Sedaya legenda)" by D. Smolsky, inheriting classical traditions. To significant events of 1980-90-ies apply performances of operas by A. Bondarenko (“Prince of Novohrad (Knyas Novohradsky)" and by E. Glebov ("Master and Margarita "). Unique large-scale Belarusian operas, overstepped the turn of the 20-21st centuries - "The Wild Hunt of King Stakh (Dikaya oxota korolya Staha)" by V. Soltan (performs in the theater since 1989) and "Lady’s visit" by S. Cortes (1995). The tendency of the nowadays theater - compression of stage action to one-two-act composition, general chambernization of genre affected also opera. Such, for example, "Jubilee (Jubilei)" by S. Cortes (2002), his "Bear (Medved)" (2009), forming a peculiar Chekhov’s diptych. In 2001 appeared the first national "romantic monoopera" - "Odinokii ptakh” by O. Zaletnev, devoted to Adam Mickiewicz life (the role of the poet permanently performs M. Zhilyuk, performed in Belarusian poetic one-actor show "Znich ", and performed at different nonopera stages. To the most original compositions of nowadays refer the opera by V. Kuznetsov "Diary of a Madman", where during the scenic realization thoughts and images of main hero’s consciousness are splitted in the personifications of several actors (2005, dir. Izvorska-Elizarieva) and by V. Kopytko "Bluebeard and his wives ", which obvious burlesque naturally appeals to the aesthetics of classical operetta, particularly, the kankaniosity of J. Offenbach (2006, dir. G. Galkovskaya, both - NABTOiBRB).
The most viable turned out the State Theater of musical comedy, which opened in Minsk in 1971 (in 2000 transformed to the Belarusian state Musical Theater). The basis of its classical repertoire is still represented by I. Kalman, F. Lehar, J. Strauss.
Most of the musical comedies in Belarus is performed at the stage of Belarusian state musical Theater (before 1999 – Belarusian State Theater of musical comedy).
Belarusian musical is distinguished with relatively greater lyricism, by lack emphasized sharpness, rigidity, aggressiveness. The specific feature of the musical – developed choreographic line distinguishes mostly performances at the of the Belarusian State musical Theater, such as domestic musical "A Glass of Water" by V. Kondrusiewicz (1994), Russian - "Don Juan in Seville" by M. Samoilov (2006). At the national stage is actively developing the genre of children musical, beginning with performances in children's musical drama schools of musical theaters (“Peter Pan" by A. Bud'ko, 1990, "Prygody v zamke Alfavit" by V. Voytik, 1996), musical is also often performed - at the stages drama theaters ( "The Wolf and the one, two, three" by O. Zaletnev, 1998, Minsk regional drama theater, "Znaika-zaznayka" by V. Kondrasyuk by S. Mikhalkov, Brest regional Drama and Music Theater; 1999; "Afryka" by L. Pronchak - V. Kondrusevich, National Academic Y. Kupala Theater, 2003).
Development of audiovisual cultural anthropology direction in the Belarusian cinematography (as a solution of the nation science problems by on-screen means), which embodied in the cycle of musical and ethnographic films, shooted in cooperation with the cinema group of the studio “Belorusfilm” PTV “Chronicle": "Palesskija kalyadki"(1972), "Halasy vyakou"(1979), "Pamyats stahoddziau"(1982), "Palesskija vyaselli"(1986), "Pranyasi, Bozha, hmary"(1990), "Kryvyya vechary"(1993)," Ruch zyamli "(1999).
In approving the status of the Republic of Belarus and the identity of its musical culture, as in the USSR and abroad, a large role played the activity of a large team organized in 1987 by M. Finberg (People's Artist of Belarus, laureate of State Prize of the Republic of Belarus), at present - the National Orchestra of Symphonic and Popular Music of the Republic of Belarus (National Concert Orchestra of Belarus). He becomes a propagandist, not only academic (ancient and modern) music, but music of popular and jazz direction of the highest professional level. With the orchestra activity are connected the names of many of the leading Belarusian performers (including vocalists - Yakov Naumenko, N. Skorikova, N. Tamelo, L. Gribaleva, etc.). Among the instrumentalists of the team we can call such names as S. Antishin, D. Budarin, G. Gedylter, V. Ksents, V. Tkachenko, and V. Scheritsa. The activity of M. Finberg, who is "heart and soul" of the band, truly can be described as an ascetic. In the creative amplitude of M. Finberg’s team not only beautifully built accompaniment to singers-soloists - always "live", the maestro doesn’t recognize the other (to spite to "electric chemistry" accompanied by so-called "acoustic concerts" of other performers, when at stage there is something very simple in composition, but sounds quite different - the percussion-orchestral "accompaniment": the same applies also to television with its quasinatural sound). And although pop festival concerts and competitions are known to millions of viewers in Belarus and abroad in the first instance due to television, great social importance have also independent programs of both jazz and academic directions. These are the programs "Anthology of Belarusian poetry and songs", "Famous names of Belarus", author concerts and evening by I. Luchenok, Y. Semenyako, E. Zaritski, V. Ivanov, and other famous composers of the republic.
The orchestra has to its credit also programs, devoted to the Belarusian classical music of the nineteenth century, that represent the creative work of M. K. Oginsky, M. Elsky, N. Orda, chamber music of the twentieth century, devoted to creative work of N. Churkin, N. Aladov, E. Glebov, L. Abeliovich and others. The concerts of the group by M. Finberg are held not only in capita philharmonic halls, but also in small towns and district centers of Belarus - in Molodechno, Novogrudok, Mir, Mstislavl, Novogrudok, Niasvizh, Turov and so on, that clearly demonstrates its relevance and noble art and educational activities. The orchestra performs in the near abroad - Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and in more remote lands - Italy, Germany and other countries.
It should be noted that the orchestra, which is interpreted as a monolithic group of multisectoral direction in the course of time has occurred also the creative basis for the formation of separate "branches". So, successfully established itself an ensemble of soloists on the wood wind instruments (leader - Boris Nichkov), a trumpet players ensemble "Intrada" (leader – N. Volkov), the ensemble of flutists (leader - N. Avramenko) and clarinetists (leader - G. Zabara).
Among new, but already acquired the popularity with its highest level of creativity, in the first instance, should be noted the Presidential Orchestra of the Republic of Belarus (artistic director and chief conductor - V. Babarikin). Created from talented young musicians, it has in its repertoire music of different directions, including the popular symphonic compositions, as well as classic and contemporary pop songs. The Presidential orchestra gives independent concerts and accompanies performances of domestic soloists, as well as foreign artists - from the pan-flute virtuoso from Moldova K. Moskovich to the world-famous baritone Dmitry Hvorostovsky.
See also:
© National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2011
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