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Stanislaw Szadurski
SZADURSKI Stanislaw
(18.09.1726 – 1789)
Jesuit, philosopher and physicist; representative of natural philosophy and eclectic philosophy
Stanislaw Szadurski was born in the outskirts of the city of Dinaburg (now Daugavpils, Latvia). In 1739 he joined the Jesuit Order. He studied at the Jesuit Collegium in Wilno and Orsha. In 1752, by Wilno Jesuit Academy he was sent to continue education abroad. In 1753 – 1754 he studied Theology in Rome (Italy), until 1756 he studied Theology and Natural Philosophy in the Collegium of Louis le Grand in Paris (France). From 1757 he taught Philosophy at the Collegium Nobilium in Warsaw (Poland). In 1759 – 1762 he was a Professor of Philosophy at the Jesuit Collegium in Novogrudok, where he wrote and published his major philosophical works. In 1762 – 1765 he was the court chaplain of Minsk governor. In 1768 – 1770 he was a Professor of Theology and Church law in Grodno, in 1770 – 1771 – in Braunsberg (East Prussia). In 1773, after the ban of Jesuit Order, he came out of it.
Famous representative of the natural philosophy of the second half of the XVIII century, he was guided by the scientific achievements of natural science, admitted contemporary progressive studies and concepts, openly declared a break with medieval scholasticism. In a number of works he presented himself as a consistent supporter of Descartes, sharing his idea of dualism of material and consciousness. He believed that the theory of knowledge must combine harmoniously rationalism and empiricism, he considered the evidence as the main criterion of truth, while not denying the role of historical authority and faith. He considered eclecticism as method of philosophical thought, thinking that it is possible to use various scientific and philosophical systems, and borrowed from them only what he found to be valid, without doubts. He adhered to the rational-empirical view of science, opposed atheism and pantheism, attempted to explain the religious dogmas with the laws of mechanics. In psychology, when explaining the interaction between body and soul, he tried to highlight the physical basics of the soul, identifying it with the brain. His philosophical system was called “the philosophy of thinking and feeling”. Major works: “The principles of the philosophy of thinking and feeling” (1758), “Basic arguments in various dialogues and exercises on logic, ethics, and metaphysics” (1760), “Philosophical foundations of general physics, expressed by the author publicly” (1761 .), “Physics, or Philosophy of nature” (unpublished). He died in Warsaw.
Works:
1. Positiones ex philosophia mentis et sensuum. Varsovie, 1758.
2. Principia ratiocinandi variis dialogis atque exercitationibus tum Logicis tum Ethicis tum Metaphysicis contenta. Vilnae, 1760.
3. Scita philosophica ex physica generali. Novogrodeci, 1761.
4. Scita philosophica ex physica particulari publico in consensus propugnata. Novogrodeci, 1767.
Literature:
1. Bargiel F. Stanislaw Szadurski SJ (1726–1789). Przedstawiciel uwspo?lczes?nionej filozofii scholastycznej. Krakow: Wydz. Filoz. Tow. Jez., 1978.
2. Shadurskiy Stanislav // Thinkers and enlighteners of Belarus: Encyclopaedic handbook. Minsk: Belarusian Encyclopaedia, 1995. P. 329–331.
© National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2011
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