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Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1. Basic terms
For the purposes of the present Law the below mentioned terms have the following meanings:
state scientific and technical policy – an integral part of socio-economic policy of the Republic of Belarus, which includes basic objectives, principles, directions and ways of influencing of the state on the subjects of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities, the order of the relationship between them and the state, as well as between subjects of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities, established by the present Law;
innovative activities – activities, providing for the creation and implementation of innovations;
innovations – created (under development) new or improved technologies, kinds of goods or services, as well as organizational and technical solutions of industrial, administrative, commercial or other types, conducive to the promotion of technology, goods and services to the market;
scientific and technical activities – activities, including performing applied research and development to create new or improve existing methods and means of implementation of specific processes. Scientific and technical activities also include works on the scientific and methodical, patent-licensing, software, organizational and methodological, and technical provision of direct performance of scientific research and developments, and dissemination and application of results;
scientific research (scientific-research works) – the creative activity aimed at obtaining new knowledge and methods of their application. Scientific research may be fundamental and applied;
experimental-design works – a complex of works performed at the establishment or upgrade of production: the development of design and technological documentation for prototypes (experimental batch), construction and testing of experimental samples (experimental batch);
experimental-technological work – a complex of works on creation of new substances, materials and (or) technological processes and for production of technical documentation for them;
development – activities aimed at creating or improving ways and means to implement processes in a specific area of practice, particularly in the creation of new products and technologies. The development of new products and technologies includes performing an experimental-design (when creating products) and experimental-technological works (when creating materials, substances, technologies).
Article 2. The legal basis for the state scientific and technical policy
Legislation on the state scientific and technical policy consists of the present Law and other acts of legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
Article 3. The main objectives of the state scientific and technical policy
The main objectives of the state scientific and technical policy of the Republic of Belarus are:
economic and social development of the republic through the effective use of intellectual resources of society;
improvement of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative capabilities as the most important factors of socio-economic progress;
achievement of high intellectual and cultural levels of society, aimed at improving the quality of life of people.
Article 4. The content of the state scientific and technical policy
The content of the state scientific and technical policy of the Republic of Belarus is the creation of the necessary legal, economic, organizational and other conditions by state bodies for scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities.
Article 5. Basic principles of formation and realization of scientific and technical policy of the Republic of Belarus
Basic principles of formation and realization of scientific and technical policy of the Republic of Belarus are:
state support for fundamental and applied research;
choice of priority directions of scientific and technical activities and the primary state support for scientific research and developments, contributing to the solution of important problems of socio-economic development of the republic;
orientation of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities to referred development in the republic of science intensive resources, energy and labor saving productions and technologies;
participation of local bodies and self-government institutions in the formation and realization of the state scientific and technical policy;
participation of scientists, their public organizations and associations in the formation and realization of scientific and technical policy in the republic;
direct connection of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities with education and training of scientific personnel;
state support for gifted children, promotion of their creative abilities development;
guaranteeing the freedom of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities, the legal protection of intellectual property;
using mainly economic methods of state regulation of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities;
equality of all subjects of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities, promotion of competitiveness among them;
increase of the prestige of scientific work and technical creativity;
mutually beneficial cooperation with other states, creation of conditions for attracting foreign investments to the development of science and engineering, assimilation of new technologies and new kinds of products;
openness of scientific and technical policy, not bringing harm to national security, defense and vital interests of the Republic of Belarus;
support to the development of innovative infrastructure.
Article 6. The subjects of the state scientific and technical policy
The subjects of the state scientific and technical policy are:
State bodies of the Republic of Belarus;
legal persons and individuals engaged in scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
The rights and responsibilities of the subjects of the state scientific and technical policy in its formation and realization are governed by legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
Article 7. Objects of the state scientific and technical policy
The objects of the state scientific and technical policy are:
scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities;
relations between the participants of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities;
relations between state bodies and participants of scientific, scientific and technical, and innovative activities.
Article 8. State bodies realizing scientific and technical policy
The state scientific and technical policy is formed by the President of the Republic of Belarus with the participation of the Government – the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus <*> and is realized by the Government of the Republic of Belarus and other subjects of the state scientific and technical policy in accordance with powers, given to them by the present Law and other acts of legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
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<*> Hereinafter referred to as the Government of the Republic of Belarus.
See also:
© National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2011
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