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Architectural monuments
Wide and remarkable sphere of human activity is architecture. As a matter of fact, art of building is a connecting-link between nature and society. Nations, as well as people, just in more enduring period of time pass away, leaving their trace in the history of civilization. Architectural heritage of each ethnos is like a great pyramid, the mass of which is composed by a creative work of people. This pyramid can be reduced or even destroyed totally by different social cataclysms: wars, revolutions, natural and technogenic catastrophes or just human oblivion. And sometimes only stones continue to tell about gone civilizations even when songs and legends come down …
Each nation has its own architecture. Its originality depends on natural and geographic conditions of the region of existence and social story of the nation. Architectural heritage of the Belarusian nation, one of the most significant Slavic nations in demographic and historical aspect, is not studied enough. The reason is complexity of its social history, absence of its own state system during a long period of time, which only in the end of the 2nd thousand years formed into the Republic of Belarus. Its territory is situated at the spiritual border of Eastern and Western Europe, at the break of these cultural regions and religious systems. Geopolitical history has always strived for the division of Belarus into East and West. More powerful neighboring states- Russia and Poland- have longed to annex its territory for many centuries. In the ruins of war between different states of Europe, such as Germany, France, Sweden, Poland and Russia, for which Belarus became the arena, numerous monuments of national culture and architecture were destroyed. In peaceful time creative work of the Belarusians united opposite sides, as a result of which original works of art were created. They absorbed elements of Western and Eastern Europe cultures. It is necessary to make scientific reconstruction and practical restoration of architectural heritage of Belarus, compensation of its significant losses to express in full extent a creative potential of our nation and encourage development of tourism.
The period of the last decade and a half, marked with considerable scales of building, reconstruction and modernization of architectural and spatial environment, is characterized by principal change of creative conceptions in architecture, demonstrates break in technical modernization of building industry, application of highly effective technologies, materials and constructions, computerization of the projecting process that influenced aesthetic level and stylistic tendencies in modern architecture. General for world practice directions and artistic ideas – neomodernism, high-tech, postmodernism, organic architecture, methods of deconsructivism – got original interpretation in the art of Belarusian architects, in which influence of local traditions and individual language system is reflected. The most important characteristic of modern architecture of Belarus that determined town-planning and form-building conceptions, is development of tendencies of contextuality and ecologization of environment –careful attitudes to historic and cultural heritage, rational use of natural and territorial resources, application energy-conservation techniques. Large social objects, polyfunctional and dwelling complexes, erected in towns of Belarus and in the country last years, become new symbols of our epoch and demonstrate considerable transformations in social, technical sphere, social consciousness, coming into the XXI century.
© National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2011
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