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Francysk Skoryna
SKARYNA Francysk
(circa 1490 – circa 1551)
Printing pioneer, enlightener, thinker and humanist, founder of typography in Eastern Europe
Francysk Skaryna was born in the town of Polotsk. He got primary education in Polotsk, and Wilno (now Vilnius, Lithuania). In 1506 Skaryna graduated from the University of Krakow (Poland) with a BA in philosophy. Circa 1508 he served as a secretary at the Royal court in Denmark. In 1512 Skaryna passed external exams for a doctorate in medicine at the University of Padua (Italy). He started his publishing career in Prague (the Czech Republic). Having founded a printing house, in 1517–1519 Skaryna printed there 23 books of the Bible in the Old Belarusian language with prefaces, comments, and engravings, including a picture of the publisher himself (the unique case in the history of the publication of the Bible in Eastern Europe). Circa 1521 Skaryna founded in Wilno the first print shop in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He printed there "The Little Travel Guide" (circa 1522) and "The Apostle" (1525). In the 1520–1530s he served as a secretary and physician of the bishop of Wilno. Circa 1535, at the invitation of the Czech King Ferdinand I, Skaryna moved to Prague, where he received the post of a Royal physician and gardener in one of Europe's first botanical gardens. Skaryna died in Prague. There is a minor planet and highest awards of the Republic of Belarus, a medal and an order, which are named in his honor.
Works:
1. Гравюры Франциска Скорины. Мінск: Беларусь, 1972.
2. Творы: Прадмовы, сказанні, пасляслоўі, акафісты, пасхалія. Мінск: Навука і тэхніка, 1990.
3. Biblija ruska: vyloz?ena doktorom Franciskom Skorinoju, Prag 1517–1519: Kommentare : Apostol, Wilna 1525, Facsimile und Kommentar / Hrsg. von H. Rothe, F. Scholz. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schoningh, 2002.
4. Выбраныя творы. Мінск: Беларуская навука, 2008.
Literature:
1. Cemerickii V., Golencenko G., Smatov V. Francisk Skorina. Prominent figures of Slav culture. Paris: UNESCO, 1980.
2. Францыск Скарына і яго час: Энцыклапедычны даведнік. Мінск: БелСЭ, 1988.
3. Немировский Е. Л. Франциск Скорина: жизнь и деятельность белорусского просветителя. Мінск: Мастацкая літаратура, 1990.
© National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2011
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