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Stanislaw Moniuszko
MONIUSZKO Stanislaw
(05.05.1819 – 04.06.1872)
Composer, conductor, organist and teacher; founder of the Polish vocal lyrics and classical opera
Stanislaw Moniuszko was born in a former estate Ubel, Chervensky district, Minsk region. Since 1827 he studied to play the piano and the organ in Warsaw (Poland). In 1830–1837 he studied composition in Minsk, in 1837–1840 – composition and choral conducting in Berlin (Germany). In 1840–1858 Moniuszko lived in Wilno (now Vilnius, Lithuania) where he served as an organist; he gave lessons in piano and composition, since 1850 he conducted at the city theater at opera performances. Since 1858 Stanislaw Moniuszko was a conductor of the Grand Theatre in Warsaw, in 1864–1874 he was a Professor of Music Institute. In 1858 he visited Germany, Czech Republic, France. The first vaudevilles, musical comedies and comic operas were set in different cities of Belarus in the 1830–1840s. Moniuszko is an author of about 280 songs, which were published in the books “Home songbooks” (6 books were published in 1844–1859, and other 6 were published posthumously) which laid the foundations of the Polish national vocal music. He created the first national opera “Halka” (concert performance was in 1848; the opera was staged in 1854, Wilno). He wrote about 20 operas and operettas, three ballets, six cantatas, five masses, two requiems which are notable for excellent professionalism in the making of mass, ensemble and solo scenes and the skill in handling of orchestral resources. There are about 50 pieces for piano, vocal ensembles and choirs among his other works. Stanislaw Moniuszko brought the national colour in all genres of music which he developed. He died and was buried in Warsaw.
Works:
1. Pamietnik do nauki harmonii. Warszawa: F. Hosick, 1871.
2. Dziela. T. 1–34. Krakow: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1965–1976.
Literature:
1. Рудзинский В. Монюшко. М.: Музгиз, 1960.
2. Maciejewski B. M. Moniuszko. Father of Polish Opera. London: Allegro Press, 1979.
3. Jachimecki Z. Moniuszko. Krakow: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1983.
© National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2011
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