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Isaac Shoenberg
Shoenberg Isaac Yulyevich
(01.03.1880 – 25.01.1963)
Electrical engineer, creator of the first systems of high-definition television in the UK
Isaac Shoenberg was born in Pinsk, and studied at Pinsk non-classical secondary school. In 1904 he graduated from the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. Since 1905 he was the chief engineer of the factory of the Russian Society of wireless telegraphy and telephones in St. Petersburg; he built the first radio stations in Russia. Since 1914 Shoenberg was the head of the patent department of Marconi Company in Britain. Since 1928 he was the head of patent service of the Columbia Graphophone Company, since 1931 he worked at Electric & Musical Industries (EMI; he was the research manager; since 1955 the director). In the early 1930 Shoenberg invented a new pickup tube – emitron, a method of compensation of spurious signals in a pickup tube, he also improved the high-vacuum cathode tube for a television receiver. In 1934 the system of electronic high-definition television (405 scan lines, 25 frames) was developed under his leadership; the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) used it for the world’s first public television broadcast from London (1936), and exploited it up to 1960. Together with others he developed a 10 times more sensitive pickup tube – superemitron, by which the remote television transmission was performed for the first time in the UK (1937). He was awarded the Faraday Medal (1954). Isaac Shoenberg was a member of Institute of Electrical Engineers (1920). In 1962 he was knighted for services in television and sound broadcasting. He died in London.
Literature:
1. McGee J. D. The life and work of Sir Isaac Shoenberg, 1880–1963 // J. Royal Television Society. 1971. Vol. 13, No. 9.
2. Burns R. W. British television: the formative years. London, 1986.
3. Martland P. Since records began: EMI, the first 100 years. Batsford, 1997.
© National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2011
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